Estimating ground-level PM2.5 by fusing satellite and station observations: A geo-intelligent deep learning approach

摘要

Fusing satellite observations and station measurements to estimateground-level PM2.5 is promising for monitoring PM2.5 pollution. Ageo-intelligent approach, which incorporates geographical correlation into anintelligent deep learning architecture, is developed to estimate PM2.5.Specifically, it considers geographical distance and spatiotemporallycorrelated PM2.5 in a deep belief network (denoted as Geoi-DBN). Geoi-DBN cancapture the essential features associated with PM2.5 from latent factors. Itwas trained and tested with data from China in 2015. The results show thatGeoi-DBN performs significantly better than the traditional neural network. Thecross-validation R increases from 0.63 to 0.94, and RMSE decreases from 29.56to 13.68${\mu}$g/m3. On the basis of the derived PM2.5 distribution, it ispredicted that over 80% of the Chinese population live in areas with an annualmean PM2.5 of greater than 35${\mu}$g/m3. This study provides a new perspectivefor air pollution monitoring in large geographic regions.